Journal: Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)

Article Title: Conversion of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in Wharton's jelly to dopaminergic neurons in vitro: potential therapeutic application for Parkinsonism.

doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0053

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. The grouping and scheme of in vitro incubation of HUMSCs. Tyrosine hydroxylase–positive populations were gener- ated from undifferentiated HUMSCs by a three-step in vitro differ- entiation method. Abbreviations: DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Ea- gle’s medium; FBS, fetal bovine serum; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; HUMSC, human umbilical mesenchymal stem cell; NCM, neuronal-conditioned medium; Shh, sonic hedgehog.

Article Snippet: In stage 3, cells were supplemented with NCM or 10% FBS-DMEM in the presence of the murine N-terminal fragment of sonic hedgehog (SHH) (500 ng/ml, 461-SH, R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, http://www.rndsystems.com) and murine FGF8 isoform b (FGF8) (100 ng/ml, 423-F8, R&D Systems Inc.) for 3, 6, 9, or 12 days.

Techniques: In Vitro, Incubation, Modification

Journal: Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)

Article Title: Conversion of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in Wharton's jelly to dopaminergic neurons in vitro: potential therapeutic application for Parkinsonism.

doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0053

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. HUMSC differentiation into dopaminergic, norepinephrine, and GABAergic neurons in vitro. (A): Photomicrographs showing TH immunocytochemistry of cultured HUMSCs. The cells expressed TH after incubation with NCM for 6 days and then SHH and FGF8 in DMEM for 3 days. In addition to TH-positive neurons, DBH-positive (B) and GAD-positive (C) neurons were detected. Human-specific nuclear antigen are in green, and DBH and GAD are in red. Arrows indicate cells stained positively for TH, DBH, or GAD. Scale bar 100 m. (D): Histograms showing the percentage of TH-positive cells after incubation with NCM, SHH, and FGF8. (Results represent the mean standard error from three different experiments. At least 200 cells were counted from 10 randomly selected microscopic fields in each experiment. Statistics consisted of one-way ANOVA followed by the LSD test; *statistical difference at p .05 compared with NCM-only group.) (E): TH expression in cultured cells by Western blotting. The molecular weight of rat and human TH were 60 and 68 kDa, respectively. Rat SN served as positive control. (F): Dopamine concentration in culture medium after HUMSCs were treated with NCM, SHH, and FGF8. (Results represent the mean standard error from three different experiments. Statistics consisted of one-way ANOVA followed by the LSD test; *statistical significance at p .05 compared with DMEM and NCM-only groups.) Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; DBH, dopamine--hydroxylase; DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; LSD, least-significant difference; HUMSC, human umbilical mesenchymal stem cell; NCM, neuronal-conditioned medium; Shh, sonic hedgehog; SN, substantia nigra; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase.

Article Snippet: In stage 3, cells were supplemented with NCM or 10% FBS-DMEM in the presence of the murine N-terminal fragment of sonic hedgehog (SHH) (500 ng/ml, 461-SH, R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, http://www.rndsystems.com) and murine FGF8 isoform b (FGF8) (100 ng/ml, 423-F8, R&D Systems Inc.) for 3, 6, 9, or 12 days.

Techniques: In Vitro, Immunocytochemistry, Cell Culture, Incubation, Staining, Expressing, Western Blot, Molecular Weight, Positive Control, Concentration Assay, Modification

Journal: Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)

Article Title: Conversion of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in Wharton's jelly to dopaminergic neurons in vitro: potential therapeutic application for Parkinsonism.

doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0053

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Rotation behavior in response to amphetamine tested at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 months after lesion. A significant decrease in the number of amphetamine-induced turning was seen in animals with grafted cells treated with NCM SHH FGF8 (, n 6) compared with control (lesion-only) animals (F, n 12) and lesioned animals that received grafted cells treated with NCM (E, n 12). Statistics consisted of two-way ANOVA followed by the LSD test. (* Significant difference at p .05 between NCM SHH FGF8-treated group compared with the control and NCM groups at the same time point. # Significant difference at p 0.05 between the control and NCM groups over 1-month intervals.) Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; LSD, least-significant difference; NCM, neuronal- conditioned medium; Shh, sonic hedgehog.

Article Snippet: In stage 3, cells were supplemented with NCM or 10% FBS-DMEM in the presence of the murine N-terminal fragment of sonic hedgehog (SHH) (500 ng/ml, 461-SH, R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, http://www.rndsystems.com) and murine FGF8 isoform b (FGF8) (100 ng/ml, 423-F8, R&D Systems Inc.) for 3, 6, 9, or 12 days.

Techniques: Control

Journal: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Article Title: Placental sonic hedgehog pathway regulates foetal growth via insulin-like growth factor axis in preeclampsia.

doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-00335

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. SHH pathway and trophoblast syncytialization. (A) Downregulation of the SHH pathway in primary CTBs. Cyclopamine decreased the expression of PTCH1 (left) and GLI2 (middle) at mRNA (n 5 6) and protein levels (n 5 3, right). (B) Cyclopamine-induced alteration of syncytium markers (n 5 6). (C) Fluorescent immunocytochemistry of CTBs treated with rSHH (200 ng/mL, 48 h, n 5 4) and cyclopamine (5 mM, 48 h, n 5 4). Data are presented as mean 6 SEM. Scale bars, 50mm. Representative images are shown in (C).

Article Snippet: Cyclopamine (5 mM, catalog no. sc-200929, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), an SMO inhibitor, and/or recombinant SHH (rSHH) protein (200 ng/mL, catalog no. 1314-SH, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) were used to examine the potential roles of the SHH pathway in placental development.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunocytochemistry

Journal: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Article Title: Placental sonic hedgehog pathway regulates foetal growth via insulin-like growth factor axis in preeclampsia.

doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-00335

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Noncanonical SHH pathway and trophoblast syncytialization. (A) mRNA expressions of syncytium markers and b-hCG protein levels in primary CTBs treated with forskolin, an ADCY activator (20 mM, n 5 6). (B) Western blot analysis of CREB phosphorylation in CTBs treated with forskolin (20 mM, n 5 3), rSHH (200 ng/mL, n 5 3), and cyclopamine (5 mM, n 5 3). (C) Expressions of ADCY family in CTBs treated with cyclopamine (5 mM, 48 h, n 5 6). (D) Fluorescent immunocytochemistry of CTBs treated with forskolin (20 mM, 48 h, n 5 4). Data are presented as mean 6SEM. Scale bars, 50mm. Representative images are shown in (B) and (D). *P , 0.05, **P , 0.01, ***P , 0.001. NS, not significant.

Article Snippet: Cyclopamine (5 mM, catalog no. sc-200929, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), an SMO inhibitor, and/or recombinant SHH (rSHH) protein (200 ng/mL, catalog no. 1314-SH, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) were used to examine the potential roles of the SHH pathway in placental development.

Techniques: Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Immunocytochemistry

Journal: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Article Title: Placental sonic hedgehog pathway regulates foetal growth via insulin-like growth factor axis in preeclampsia.

doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-00335

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Canonical and noncanonical SHH pathway in regulation of the placental IGF1R pathway. (A) Close correlation between the SHH pathway and the IGF axis in control and preeclampsia placentas (n 5 10 in each group). (B–D) Expressions of major components of the IGF axis in CTBs treated with (B) forskolin (20 mM, 24 h, n 5 5), (C) cyclopamine (5 mM, 24 h, n 5 6), and (D) GLI2 siRNAs (48 h, n 5 6). (E) Western blot analysis of IGF1R expression in CTBs (48 h, n 5 3) treated with forskolin (20 mM), cyclopamine (5 mM), GLI2 siRNAs, rSHH (200 ng/mL), and SQ22536 (100 mM). (F) Pathway analysis of microarray data demonstrating that the SHH pathway was closely associated with ADCY activation pathway, CREB phosphorylation pathway, and IGF1R pathway. (G) Schema of the SHH pathway that regulates the IGF1R pathway in the placenta. Data are presented as mean 6 SEM. Representative images are shown in (E). NS, not significant.

Article Snippet: Cyclopamine (5 mM, catalog no. sc-200929, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), an SMO inhibitor, and/or recombinant SHH (rSHH) protein (200 ng/mL, catalog no. 1314-SH, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) were used to examine the potential roles of the SHH pathway in placental development.

Techniques: Control, Western Blot, Expressing, Microarray, Activation Assay, Phospho-proteomics